
Gene Sharp died last week.
Sharp was a prolific theorist of nonviolent action whose writings have influenced anti-government resistance movements around the world. His work was profoundly shaped by the study of Gandhi and the labor and civil rights activist A. J. Muste, as well as others.He founded the Albert Einstein Institution, a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the study of nonviolent action.
His three-volume The Politics of Nonviolent Action, published in 1973, argues that repressive state power promotes itself as monolithic and unchanging; ultimately, however, it actually multifaceted, relying on multiple political and cultural apparatuses to achieve obedience. Once people come to see this, they realize they are themselves the source of the state’s power and can work to dismantle that power through acts of nonviolent resistance.
The work includes a list of 198 methods of nonviolent action:
PROTEST AND PERSUASION
Formal Statements
1. Public Speeches
2. Letters of opposition or support
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
4. Signed public statements
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6. Group or mass petitions
Communications with a Wider Audience
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
10. Newspapers and journals
11. Records, radio, and television
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
Group Representations
13. Deputations
14. Mock awards
15. Group lobbying
16. Picketing
17. Mock elections
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