1914: Honour Has Come Back, as a King, to Earth

Harry Clarke - Honour has come back, as a king, to earth

Harry Clarke: “Honour has come back, as a king, to earth,” illustration for Rupert Brooke’s poem “The Dead” in The Year’s at the Spring; an Anthology of Recent Poetry (1920).

The poem was first published in 1914, in the autumn following the outbreak of WWI.

The Dead

Blow out, you bugles, over the rich Dead!
There’s none of these so lonely and poor of old,
But, dying, has made us rarer gifts than gold.
These laid the world away; poured out the red
Sweet wine of youth; gave up the years to be
Of work and joy, and that unhoped serene,
That men call age; and those who would have been.
Their sons, they gave, their immortality.

Blow, bugles, blow! They brought us, for our dearth.
Holiness, lacked so long, and Love, and Pain.
Honour has come back, as a king, to earth,
And paid his subjects with a royal wage;
And Nobleness walks in our ways again;
And we have come into our heritage.

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1857: Bodrum

(c) Watts Gallery; Supplied by The Public Catalogue Foundation

George Frederic Watts: Bodrum, Asia Minor (1857)

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1918: Mysterious Island

N. C. Wyeth - The Mysterious Island - endpapers (1918)

N. C. Wyeth: Endpapers for a 1918 edition of Jules Verne’s Mysterious Island (1874). The book, a sequel to Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, recounts the adventures of five Union soldiers who escape their Confederate captors in a hot air balloon during the American Civil War and land on a uncharted island in the South Pacific.

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1726: Definition

Definition

THUNDER: a Noise known by Persons not Deaf.

Nathan Bailey: An universal etymological English dictionary, comprehending the derivations of the generality of words in the English tongue (1726)

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1933: The Very Ideology to which it Owes its Origin

ReichWilhelm Reich on the connections among repression, sexual guilt (indoctrinated into children and adolescents through the family), patriarchy, capitalism, fascism, violent religious fanaticism, the construction of the other, and imperialism:

The patriarchal authoritarian sexual order…becomes the primary basis of authoritarian ideology by depriving [people] of their sexual freedom, making a commodity of sex and placing sexual interests in the service of economic subjugation….Sexuality is…distorted; it becomes diabolical and demonic and has to be curbed….The Dionysian becomes “sinful yearning,” which patriarchal culture can conceive of only as something chaotic and “dirty.” …Patriarchal man is shackled…in an ideology in which sexual and dirty, sexual and vulgar or demonic, become inseparable associations.

Secondarily….extramarital sexual intercourse…becomes involved in a conflict with official morality and is forced to lead a clandestine existence. The change in the social attitude toward sexual intercourse also effects a change in the inner experience of sexuality. The conflict that is now created between the natural and “sublime morality” disturbs the individual’s ability to gratify his needs. The feeling of guilt now associated with sexuality cleaves the natural, orgiastic crease of sexual coalescence and produces a damming up of sexual energy, which later breaks out in various ways. Neuroses, sexual aberrations, and antisocial sexuality become permanent social phenomena. Childhood and adolescent sexuality, which were given a positive role in the original matriarchal work-democracy, fall prey to systematic suppression, which differs only in form. As time goes on, this sexuality, which is an distorted, distorted, brutalized, and prostituted, advocates the very ideology to which it owes its origin. Those who negate sexuality can now justifiably point to it as something brutal and dirty. That this dirty sexuality is not natural sexuality but merely patriarchal sexuality is simply overlooked. And the sexology of latter-day capitalistic patriarchy is no less affected by this evaluation than the vulgar views. This condemns it to complete sterility.

…Religious mysticism becomes the organized center of those evaluations and ideologies. [It] denies the sex-economic principle altogether and condemns sexuality as a sinful phenomenon of humanity, from which only the Hereafter can deliver us. Nationalistic fascism, on the other hand, transfers sexual sensuality to the “alien race,” which is relegated to an inferior status in this way. From now on, the depreciation of the “alien race” coincides organically with latter-day patriarchal imperialism.

The Mass Psychology of Fascism (1933)

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1920: Nazi Assholes

Hitler’s doodles for the Nazi symbol. Readers of Kurt Vonnegut will recognize the one on the bottom left as just a picture of an asshole:

AdolfHitler_Hakenkreuz1920

Sources: “Sketch of Hitler’s from 1920 with the remark: ‘The holy signs of the Germans. One of these signs should be raised again.'” German Wikipedia: here
Kurt Vonnegut, Breakfast of Champions (1973): here

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2.2 mya: Matsya and the Asura Hayagriva

Incarnation of the Fish (India, early 19th cent.)In Hindu mythology, there are four historical eras, yugas,  that repeat in a cycle; the first of these is the Satya Yuga, followed by the Treta Yuga, the Dvapara Yuga, and, finally, the Kali Yuga. We are presently in a Kali Yuga that started  in 3102 BC. The story of the picture above takes place at the end of the most recent Satya Yuga, about 2.2 million years ago, according to one reckoning (Wikipedia). Now, each yuga is but a single day for Brahma, the Hindu creator god, and at the end of each one, he sleepsand when he sleeps, he stops creating and thus the universe ceases to exist until he wakes.

The version of the story in this image is told in the Bhagavata Purana, one of the great compendiums of Hindu lore. What follows is an edited version of  this retelling:

The Satya Yuga was about to end and a great flood was to come and destroy all the life on earth to start afresh for the next yuga. After a day full of creation, Lord Brahma was tired. He wanted to go to sleep and was soon snoring loudly.

While Lord Brahma was sleeping an asuraa demonnamed Hayagriva emerged from Brahma’s nose. With Brahma asleep, Hayagriva realized that it was the right time to take in all the knowledge of the Vedasthe ancient Hindu scared texts. Hayagriva concentrated and soon absorbed the knowledge in the Vedas. He then hid deep inside the ocean, thinking that nobody would find him there.

Lord Vishnu saw this and was worried. If the Vedas were stolen by the asura, the knowledge of the Vedas could not be passed on to the next yuga. Vishnu is the God of Preservation; whenever the earth is in danger and when evil threatens to overpower good, Lord Vishnu descends from the heaven to incarnate on the earth.

At the same time, there was a king named Manu. He was a staunch devotee of Lord Vishnu. His greatest desire was to see Lord Vishnu with his own eyes. For this he performed severe penance for thousands of years. Wondering what to do, Lord Vishnu looked at Manu performing penance and smiled, realizing that he could achieve much more than just save the Vedas.

The next morning, Manu went to the river to begin his prayers. He took the water in his hands and held it high above his head and offered it to the Lord Vishnu to mark the beginning of his prayer. He was about to pour the water into the river, when he heard a tiny voice from his hands. “O great king! Please do not put me back in the river!”

Continue reading

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1883: Educate! Agitate! Organize!

William Morris - Educate Agitate Organize (1885)

“Educate! Agitate! Organize!” This slogan apparently first appeared in print in 1883in a pamphlet produced by a British organization called the Democratic Federation. The artist and writer William Morris was the treasurer of the group and included the phrase on the cover of a book of songs published two years later.

Fellow-Citizens, we appeal to every man and woman among you who is weary of this miserable huckster’s society, where poverty and prostitution, fraud and adulteration, swindling and jobbery, luxury and debau­chery reign supreme, we appeal to you to work with its in a never-ceasing effort to secure a happier lot for our people and their children, and to hold up a high ideal of national greatness for those who come after. Such an ideal of true greatness and glory, needs but intelligence, enthusiasm, and combination, to make it a reality even in our own day. We, at least, will never falter. We stretch out our hands for help, co-operation, and encouragement, to all creeds and all nationalities, ready ourselves to render assistance in every struggle against class injustice and individual greed. The land of England is no mean heritage ; there is enough and to spare for all; with the powers mankind now possess wealth may easily be made as plentiful as water at the expense of trifling toil. But to-day the worn-out wage-slaves of our boasted civilisation look hopelessly at the wealth which they have created to be devoured only by the rich and their hangers-on. To the abject poor patriotism is but a mockery, all talk of happiness, of beauty, of morality, is a sneer. We call, then, upon every lover of freedom to support us in our endeavour to form a real party of the people, which shall secure a noble future for our own and other lands.

The aims and objects of the DEMOCRATIC FEDERATION are before you. Success can only be achieved by organised effort.

Educate.      We shall need all our intelligence.
Agitate.        We shall need all our enthusiasm.
Organise.    We shall need all our force.

EDUCATE!              AGITATE!                 ORGANISE!

Socialism Made Plain, the Social and Political Manifesto of the Democratic Federation (1883) (source)

Image from William Morris’s Chants for Socialists (1885) (sources here and here)

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1937: Black Flag

Rene Magritte - Le Drapeau noir (1937)

Rene Magritte: Le Drapeau Noir [The Black Flag] (1937)

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1864: Bird and Weeds

Léon Bonvin - Landscape with Bird and Weeds (1864)

Léon Bonvin: Landscape with Bird and Weeds (1864)

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